@ARTICLE{oopsla22-solidare,
  title     = "{Synthesis-Powered} Optimization of Smart Contracts via Data
               Type Refactoring",
  author    = "Chen, Yanju and Wang, Yuepeng and Goyal, Maruth and Dong, James
               and Feng, Yu and Dillig, I{\c s}il",
  abstract  = "Since executing a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain
               costs money (measured in gas), smart contract developers spend
               significant effort in reducing gas usage. In this paper, we
               propose a new technique for reducing the gas usage of smart
               contracts by changing the underlying data layout. Given a smart
               contract P and a type-level transformation, our method
               automatically synthesizes a new contract P′ that is functionally
               equivalent to P. Our approach provides a convenient DSL for
               expressing data type refactorings and employs program synthesis
               to generate the new version of the contract. We have implemented
               our approach in a tool called Solidare and demonstrate its
               capabilities on real-world smart contracts from Etherscan and
               GasStation. In particular, we show that our approach is
               effective at automating the desired data layout transformation
               and that it is useful for reducing gas usage of smart contracts
               that use rich data structures.",
  journal   = "Proc. ACM Program. Lang.",
  publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery",
  volume    =  6,
  number    = "OOPSLA2",
  month     =  oct,
  year      =  2022,
  address   = "New York, NY, USA",
  keywords  = "Smart Contract, Program Synthesis, Data Type Refactoring"
}